Wednesday, 3 July 2019

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Networks

Q. 1. For n devices how many cables required for Mesh topology?
Ans. n(n-1) /2

30 comments:

  1. Pratik chorghe
    Gaurav jangam

    1) What is jitter?
    And:- issues that is related to delay is jitter. If different packets of data encounter different delays and the application using the data at the receiver site is time-sensitive (audio and video data, for example).

    2) what is peers?
    Ans:- It is an two same layers in sender and receiver is called peers

    3) what is fregmentation?
    Ans:- when message is so long then they substitute in parts in sender side then go to receiver side and merg all message as their sequence

    4) what is multicasting?
    Ans:- When a frame is sent to a group address, all the stations in the group receive it. Sending to a group of stations is called multicasting.

    5) write the different types of data representation?
    Ans:-
    1) Numbers- ASCII /unicode
    2)Images- matrix format
    3)Audio- wave form
    4)Video- set of images

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  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  3. Nitesh Poojari
    3832

    1)What are the types of transmission technology?
    Ans:-
    1)point to point
    2)Broadcast

    2)What is network?
    Ans:-
    A network is a set of devices ( referred to as nodes) which are connected by communication links.

    3)Write the types of network topology?
    Ans:-
    1)Physical topology
    -mesh
    -star
    -bus
    -ring
    -cellular
    2)Logical topology
    -bus
    -ring

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  4. Prajwal Mohite 3826
    Sangvika Yadav 3841
    Q.1. List the goals of computer networks?
    Ans. There are 8 goals of computer network that are follows:
    1)Resource Sharing
    2)Provide High Reliability
    3) Distribution of Workload
    4) Saving Money
    5)Expandability
    6)Powerful communication Medium
    7)Protecting Information
    8)Preserving Information


    Q.2. What is protocol Stack?
    Ans. A protocol stack is a list of protocols,one per layer,used by certain system.

    Q.3. What are the types of standards?
    Ans.There are 2 types of standards :
    1) de facto(by fact or by convention)
    2)de jure(by law or by regulation).

    Q.4. what is the characteristic of LAN?
    Ans.There are three characteristics :
    ¡. Size
    ¡¡. Transmission technology
    ¡¡¡. Topology

    Q.5.What is the point-to-point transmission topology ?
    Ans. A point-to-point connection provide a dedicated link between two device.

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  5. Nidhi sapra
    Roll no:3835
    1)define home network.
    ->A home network is a network of devices within a home.

    2)State the elements of data communication?
    ->1) message
    2)sender
    3) receiver
    4) transmission medium
    5) protocol

    3) explain audio form of data representation.
    ->Audio is a continuous signal which represents sound or music.However,to store it in a computer and transmit it,it must be digitized. This conversion is done by using an analog to digital converter.

    4) Explain any two connectionless services.
    ->1) unreliable connectionless service:-it is called a datagram service. A message is sent with high probability of arrival but no gurentee and no acknowledgement.
    2) Request-reply service:-In this service.the sender transmits a single datagram containing a request and the reply contain the answer.

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  6. Note:-A datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network. Datagrams are typically structured in header and payload sections. Datagrams provide a connectionless communication service across a packet-switched network

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  7. 3920-3936
    Rasika kale-3920
    Muskan shaikh-3936

    Q1.what is the full form IEEE?
    Ans: institute of electronic electrical engineer.

    Q2.what are the characteristics of data communication?
    Ans: a.delivary
    b.accuracy
    c.timeliness
    d.jitter

    Q3.wireless network divided into which 3 parts?
    Ans: a.system interconnection
    b.wireless LANs
    c.wireless WANs

    Q4.The standard wireless LANs are......?
    Ans: IEEE 802.11

    Q5.what are the application of computer networking?
    Ans: a.busniess application
    b.virtual meeting
    c.home application
    d.mobile users

    Q6.The network layer control operation for which term?
    Ans: subnet

    Q7.what is subnet?
    Ans: collection of routers and communication lines that moves packets from the source host to destination host.

    Q8.what are the advantages of mesh typology?
    Ans: a.it is robust
    b.it has privacy
    c.highest reliability and security
    d.fault isolation

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  8. 3920-3936
    Rasika kale-3920
    Muskan shaikh-3936

    Q1.what is the full form IEEE?
    Ans: institute of electronic electrical engineer.

    Q2.what are the characteristics of data communication?
    Ans: a.delivary
    b.accuracy
    c.timeliness
    d.jitter

    Q3.wireless network divided into which 3 parts?
    Ans: a.system interconnection
    b.wireless LANs
    c.wireless WANs

    Q4.The standard wireless LANs are......?
    Ans: IEEE 802.11

    Q5.what are the application of computer networking?
    Ans: a.busniess application
    b.virtual meeting
    c.home application
    d.mobile users

    Q6.The network layer control operation for which term?
    Ans: subnet

    Q7.what is subnet?
    Ans: collection of routers and communication lines that moves packets from the source host to destination host.

    Q8.what are the advantages of mesh typology?
    Ans: a.it is robust
    b.it has privacy
    c.highest reliability and security
    d.fault isolation

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  9. Rushikesh Kutpelliwar ROLL NO: 3925
    Namrata Zende ROLL NO: 3941
    Shubham Salunke ROLL NO: 3935

    Q1) Data communication system depends on which fundamental characteristicks?
    ANS->
    1) Delivery
    2) Accuracy
    3) Timeline
    4) Jitter

    Q2) Write componats of data communication system?
    ANS->
    1) Message
    2) Sender
    3) Reciever
    4) Transmission Medium
    5) Protocol

    Q3) Define role of Protocol?
    ANS->
    It repesents an adjustment between the communication device.

    Q4) Write types of communication technology?
    ANS->
    1) Point-To-Point
    2) Broadcasting

    Q5) For 'n' devices how many cables required for 'MESH','STAR','BUS','RING'?
    ANS->
    1) MESH Topology -> n(n-1)/2
    2) STAR Topology -> n
    3) BUS Topology -> n
    4) RING Topology -> n-1

    Q6) What are key elements of protocol?
    ANS->
    1) Syntax
    2) Semantics
    3) Timing

    Q7) What do you mean by unicasting?
    ANS->
    In Point-To-Point transmission with exactly one sender and exactly one reciever is sometime called unicasting.

    Q7) Define STORE-AND-FORWARD switching and CUT THROUGH switching.
    ANS->
    * STORE-AND-FORWARD Switching
    - When the intermidiate node recieve a message in full before sending it on to the next node this is called store-and-forward swithching.

    * CUT THROUGH Swithching
    - When the onward transmission of message at a node start before it is completely recieved by the node this is called as cut through swithching.

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  10. Sonia Ovhal--3927
    Geeta Khandale--3921


    Q.1)-what is protocol?
    -> Protocol is a set of rules that
    governs data communication and is
    an agreement between communicating
    entities on how communication is to
    take place.

    Q.2) what is key element of protocol?
    ->. 1.syntax(structure)
    2.semantics(meaning)
    3.timing

    Q.3) which topology requires
    multipoint connection?
    ->. Bus


    Q.4)what is the data flow in network
    communication?
    -> Data flow is nothing but the flow of data between two points.


    Q.5)What are the different mode of data flow?
    ->. 1)simplex mode
    2)half duplex
    3)full duplex

    Q.6)What is mean by transit time?
    ->. Transit time is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one device to another device.


    Q.7) what is response time?
    ->. The elapsed time between an inquiry and a response is called response time.

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  11. Kranti Kapale - 3619
    Q.1 What is Expandability?
    Ans. The size of network and the performance could be enhanced by gradually adding more processors and communication devices.

    Q.2 Classification of standards?
    Ans. Standards are classified as de-facto and de-jure.

    Q.3 What is jitter?
    Ans. There will be some delay for the message to travel across the medium and reach the receiver. Jitter is the variation in delay.

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  12. Roll no. 3833 and 3801
    Name :yogita rajpure and kshitija bankar
    1) What is hybrid topology?
    Ans: It is a combination of two or
    more basic topologies in wide
    area network hybrid.
    2) what are the applications of mesh
    topology ?
    Ans: 1) No traffic problems.
    2) point to point communication
    makes fault isolation and
    identification easy.
    3)due to point to point
    connection privacy is maintain
    in the network.
    4) mesh provides higher
    reliability and security.
    3) Define unreliable services?
    Ans: In some cases the loss of data
    bits is tolerable but delay
    introduced by the reliable
    communication is ununacceptable.
    4) what is protocol?
    Ans: protocol is an agreement between
    communicating entities on how the
    communication process is take
    place.
    5) what is data flow?
    Ans: It refers to the direction in
    which data moves between two
    communicating devices .
    Type are :
    1.simplex
    2.half duplex
    3.full duplex

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  13. Roll no 3838 and 3801
    Name :yogita rajpure and kshitija bankar
    1) In which of following topology, Hub is required?
    1.ring
    2.star
    3.bus
    4.mesh
    Ans:star

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  14. Roll no:3825
    Q:Which topology requires a multipoint connection?
    Ans: bus topology requires multipoint connection

    Q: define term protocol stack.
    A: A protocol stack is list of protocols one per layer.

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  16. Roll No:-3818 & 3830
    Q1.) Define routing?
    Ans:- To route the packets from source to destination different routing algorithms are used.


    Q2.) What is addressing?
    Ans:- Network layer identifies the machine on the basis of it's logical address and that address identifies the network to which the machine belong to.


    Q3.) State any two advantages of star topology?
    Ans:- (i)Less expensive.
    (ii)Less I/o ports and less cables are required.



    Q4.)What is the full form of WLAN?
    Ans:- Wide Local Area Network.

    Q5.) State forms e-commerce?
    Ans:- (I) B2C- Business-to-consumer
    (II)B2B- Business-to-business
    (III)P2P- Peer-to- peer.

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  17. SARIKA NAZARE - 3926
    PRACHI - 3932



    1.In which topology there is a central controller or hub?
    -> Star Topology

    2.For large network which topology is used?
    ->Star Topology

    3.In mesh topology devices are connected via ?
    -> Point -to - point

    4.Bus,ring and star topologies are mostly used in the ?
    -> LAN (Local Area Network)

    5.In which topology device act as repeater?
    -> Ring topology.

    6.Full form of LAN,WAN,MAN.
    -> 1.LAN-Local Area Network
    2.WAN-Wide Area Network
    3.MAN-Metropolitian Network

    7.What are type of data flow ?
    -> Simplex,half duplex,full duplex.

    8.What is LAN ?
    ->A LAN is a group of computers and network devices connected together,usually within the same building.

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  18. PRASAD ROKADE -3934
    TANMAY SHILIMKAR -3937
    PRITI CHAVAN -3906


    Q1. What are the 3 types of connectionless services?
    Ans. i) Unreliable diagram
    ii) Acknowledgement datagram
    iii) Request replay


    Q2. Give the example of message stream?
    Ans. Sequence of pages is the good example of message stream


    Q3.which connection have more than two specific devices share a single link?
    Ans.multipoint or multidrop


    Q4. What is the full for of MAN?
    Ans. Metropolitan area network


    Q5. Which topology have one cable with different dropline?
    Ans. Bus topology has one cable with different dropline


    Q6. give the standard example of byte stream?
    Ans. Remote login is the standard example of byte stream


    Q7. What are the different types to designing issues for layers
    Ans. i)addressing
    ii)error control and detection
    iii)ordering
    iv)flow control
    v)data control
    vi)fragmentation
    vii)multiplexing and
    demultiplexing
    viii)routing
    ix)security


    Q8. State true of false
    "In wireless technology if it apply to WAN then it is called as WIMAX"
    Ans.the above statement is false
    In wireless network if it is apply to MAN then it is called as WIMAX


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  19. NIHIL GUJAR -3912
    AKASH TAKWALE-3939
    PURUSHOTTAM RAMTIRTH-3933

    *************************************



    Q1. What is VPNs?
    And:- Networks called Virtual Private Networks may used to join the individual Networks at different sites into one extended network.


    Q2.What is gateway?
    Ans:- Th general name for machine that makes a connection between two or more networks and provide necessary translation,both in terms of hardware and software is a gateway.



    Q3. In LAN Which Topologies are used?
    Ans:- Bus ,Ring ,Star Topologies are used in LAN.



    Q4.What is standard for wireless LAN?
    Ans:- There is standard for wireless LAN called IEE 802.11, popularly know as WiFi.




    Q5.What is switch with a point-to -point link?
    Ans:- Each computer speaks the Ethernet protocol and connects to a box called Switch with point to point link.




    Q6.What is MAN?, With example.
    Ans:- MAN is stands for Metropolitan Area Network.
    The best example of MAN are the Cable television Networks available in many cities.




    Q7.What is forwarding algorithm?
    Ans:- Each router makes the decision as to where to send a packet next is called forwarding algorithm.




    Q8. Multipoint connection required by which topology?
    Ans:- Bus Topology.

    --------------*****------------------

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  20. Dhiraj khopde roll.no.3922

    Q.What are the advantages of a multipoint connection over point-to-point connection?
    Ans: In a multipoint environment, the capacity of the channel is shared, either spatially or temporally. If several devices can use the link simultaneously, it is a spatially shared connection. If users must take turns, it is a timeshared connection.

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  21. Q.What is the difference between half-duplex and full-duplex transmission modes?
    Ans: In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time.When one device is sending, the other can only receive,and vice versa. Like walkie-talkies.
    In full-duplex mode, both station can transmit and receive simultaneously. Like telephone network.

    ReplyDelete
  22. What is hybrid topology?
    Ans: It is a combination of two or
    more basic topologies in wide
    area network hybrid.

    ReplyDelete
  23. AKSHAY GAIKWAD-3909
    AARATI HANDE-3914

    ----------------------------------------

    Q1. What is Network Topology?
    Ans:-
    Network Topology is a physical layout of the computer network and it defines how the computers,devices,cables etc are connected to each other.



    Q2.Bluetooth is an example of what type of wireless network?
    Ans:-
    Bluetooth is an example of PAN(Personal Area Network) type of wireless network.



    Q3.Which topology covers security,robust and eliminating traffic factor?
    Ans:-
    Mesh Topology


    Q4.Why protocol and standards are needed?
    Ans:-
    1)Protocols are needed so one computer can interact with other computers for things such as using the internet and sending and receiving files and e-mails.protocols are the language computers use to talk to each other.
    2)Standards are important so all networks have to follow the same rules.standards are a set of guidelines on how different companies need to nake their equipment.



    Q5.Describe Hub,Switch and Router?
    Ans:-
    HUB: Hub will broadcast all data to every port.It has a common connection point for all devices.
    SWITCH: Switch will create the dynamic connection and provide information to the requesting port.
    ROUTER: Router ia the devices which will be responsible for forwarding data packets.



    Q6.What is a subnet?
    Ans:-
    A subnet is a logical partition of an IP network into multiple,smaller network segments in order to maintain security.



    Q7.Name the organization's involved in standards creation?
    Ans:-
    Organizations are:
    1)ISO(International Standards
    Organization)
    2)ANSI(American National Standards
    Institute)
    3)EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment)
    4)IEEE(Institute of Electrical and
    Electronics Engineers)



    Q8.what is VoIP?
    Ans:-
    VoIP is an acronym for Voice over Internet Protocol.
    Telephone calls between employees may be carried by he computer network instead of by the phone company.this technology and is called IP telephony or VoIP.

    ----------------------------------------



    ReplyDelete
  24. Gokul jaju 3919
    SAURABH GORIWALE 3911




    Q1 what is network?

    ANS:
    A network is a set of devices which are connected by communication links.

    ______________________________________

    Q2 give two types of transmission technologies?

    ANS:
    1) POINT TO POINT
    2)BROADCAST.

    ______________________________________

    Q3 give fullform of LAN and WAN.

    ANS

    LAN : LOCAL AREA NETWORK
    WAN :WIDE AREA NETWORK

    ______________________________________

    Q4 give types of services offered by layers?

    ANS :
    1 connection oriented services.
    2 connectionless services.


    ReplyDelete
  25. Riddhi bhutada
    3803

    1) what is drop line in bus topology?
    Ans : The drop line is a connection running between the device and main cable.


    2) state examples of half-duplex.
    Ans: walkie-talkies and CB (citizen band).


    3) Which topology can be used by Ethernet LAN's?
    Ans: Bus topology


    4) what is transmission medium?
    Ans: Transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.


    5) Which are primary categories of network?
    Ans: Their are two primary categories ;
    i) Local area network (LAN)
    ii) Wide area network (WAN).

    ReplyDelete
  26. Renuka Dalwale
    3809.

    Q.1 What is the main disadvantage of mesh topology?
    A. The main disadvantage of mesh topology is related to the amount of cabling and numbers of I/O ports required.

    Q.2 What is drop line in bus topology?
    A. A drop line is a connection running between the device and main cable.

    Q.3 What happens in star topology if hub goes down?
    A. In star topology of hub goes down then the whole system is dead.

    Q.4 What is transit time?
    A. Transit time is the amount of the time required for a message to travel from one device to another device.


    ReplyDelete
  27. Sayali pawar roll no 3831
    Q1)which is the four fundamental characteristics of data communication?
    Ans:Delivery, accuracy,timeliness, jitter.

    Q2)what is network?
    Ans:a network is a set of devices connected by communication links.

    Q3)what is full form of the ISP?
    Ans:Internet service Provider.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Sayali pawar roll no-3831
    Q1)which are the four fundamental characteristics of data communication?
    Ans:Delivery, accuracy, timeliness, jitter.

    Q2)what is network?
    Ans:a network is a set of devices connected by communication links.

    Q3)what is full form of the ISp?
    Ans:Internet service Provider.

    ReplyDelete
  29. Sayali pawar roll no-3831

    Q1)which are the four fundamental characteristics of data communication?
    Ans:Delivery , accuracy, timeliness, jitter.

    Q2)what is network?
    Ans:a network is a set of devices connected by communication links.

    Q3)what is full form of ISP?
    Ans:Internet service Provider.

    ReplyDelete
  30. Shubham Pansande roll no 3928
    Q1)which topology requires a central controller or hub?
    And: star topology requires a central controller or hub

    Q2)which topology requires a multipoint connection?
    And: Bus topology requires a multipoint connection

    Q3)what are the types of standards?
    And: 1)de facto
    2)de jure

    ReplyDelete